3D Printing Ramifications to Law

In the summer of 2012, www. Forbes.com published an article titled, “'WikiWeapon Project’ Aims To Create A Gun Anyone Can 3-D-Print At Home”, it detailed a man name Cody Wilson, and a group of his friends who called themselves the “Defense Distributed” who launched a project to create a working 3-D plastic gun, called the Liberator. After the team completed their plastic gun project and uploaded the computer assisted design, the U.S. State Department demanded them to take it off the group’s website, claiming it to violate International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) as technical data with no evidence of it being shared internationally.

Current laws in the US are not adequate enough and should be modified to combat the new threats that emerge from the 3-D printer revolution.One of these new threats is the threat of patent infringements. The second is the threat of liability for product defects and finally the most important one, the threat of printing undetectable weapons that by-pass security. The solution is to take a look for innovative ways of bringing the 3-D printer to the average person yet complying with updated legislation accordingly.

First we will focus on the patent infringement aspect.  The core of 3-D printing involves creating objects from the computer assisted design files, this opens new possibilities to exploit patents, demolish old operations of manufacturing, and create undetectable weapon threats.

The core of 3-D printing involves creating objects from the computer assisted design files, this opens new possibilities to exploit patents, demolish old operations of manufacturing, and create undetectable weapon threats. Under Title 35 of the United States Code § 271 - Infringement of patent, currently has no protection against 3-D printing and the foreseen abuse of patents. This state of the law leaves patentees helpless to combat a large class of infringement of their product claims.

For example, in 2014, the Georgetown Law Journal, titled, “Patents, Meet Napster: 3-D Printing and the Digitization of Things,” Dr. Desai Deven stated, that “3-D printing will harm patents and other forms of intellectual property that have relied on physical limits to stop infringement.”

 In 2013,the journal of Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal, published an article, titled, “Asserting Patents to Combat Infringement via 3-D Printing: It’s No “Use””, Daniel Harris Brean, an intellectual property attorney, stated that “CAD files is not a sale of “the patented invention,” the CAD file is not a “component” of the product, and the creation and distribution of the files is not a “use” of the product since it does not put the product into service.”

Although 3-D printing brings the problems of digitization to patents for the first time, the technology also extends that issue to copyright and trademark. Copyright applies to three-dimensional items such as sculptures and jewelry. Trademarks are often displayed labels; they also come in the form of product shapes such as a Coca-Cola bottle or an iPhone. Leading intellectual property lawyers from Gartner, the world's leading information technology research and advisory company, predict that over $100 billion in intellectual property losses will occur as a result of 3-D printing technologies by just 2018.

Next we will move on to the effects 3-D printers will have on the manufacturing end. 3-D printing disrupts the original chain of manufacturing which leaves costumers more vulnerable to defective products as a result reliability is very complex. As consumers begin to print objects that are complex, questions of who actually is responsible for defective products or injuries is different on a case by case basis.

On May 1, 2015, Arizona Law Review published an article titled, “Manufacturing Consumer Protection for 3-D Printed Products” in it Dr. Heidi Nielson stated “As consumers begin to print increasingly dangerous and complex products at home, they may seek redress in the courts for injuries sustained through a product’s use.” Currently, Amazon and Shapeways print and sell products that are designed by third parties. They might hold themselves out as service providers rather than manufacturers, and may attempt to contract out of liability for defects and instead hold CAD-file designers responsible.

When an additional player is involved—an independent CAD-file designer—the law becomes obscure and unclear. For example, “a consumer could purchase a CAD file from MakerBot’s digital store in order to print an item from Martha Stewart’s line on her 3-D printer. If the consumer were injured because of a defect in the product, the consumer could try to bring a strict liability claim against two companies, both of which would be very difficult”, said Nielson. “A plaintiff may not be able to recover against a CAD-file designer who is not an identifiable entity. CAD files are rarely downloaded from a known business entity, like Martha Stewart, and are, in fact, rarely purchased at all.” said Dr. Nielson. “A plaintiff may not be able to recover against a CAD-file designer who is not an identifiable entity. CAD files are rarely downloaded from a known business entity, like Martha Stewart, and are, in fact, rarely purchased at all.” said Dr. Nielson. Finally the most terrifying and troubling matter resulting from the 3-D printing revolution.

3-D printing will significantly reduce the barriers to access a gun at any-time, to anyone able operate a 3-D printer. The Department of State effectively proceeded on a presumption of “guilty until proven to comply with ITAR-regulations,” despite failing to offer any actual evidence of an export to a foreign individual.

The ITAR does nothing to prevent a U.S. citizen—who is not otherwise classified as a foreign person—from obtaining CAD files from another U.S. citizen and creating the exact same harm. In May of 2015, the Indiana Law Journal, published an article, titled, “Unlocked and Loaded: Government Censorship of 3-D Printed Firearms and a Proposal for More Reasonable Regulation of 3-D Printed Goods”, Dr. Danton Bryans, law professor at Indiana University states, the future effectiveness of the ITAR faces clear challenges with the ever-increasing connectivity and decentralization of the Internet.

Similarly, to the ITAR, several authorities and commentators have noted that 3-D printed plastic firearms should be banned under the Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988 (UFA). Assuming a 3-D printed firearm has a detectable signature equal to a 3.7 ounce stainless steel block and the firearm’s major components are detectable by an airport x-ray scanner, the 3-D printed firearm is not in violation with the UFA.

In May of 2013, in an article titled, Plastic gun draws eyes to 3-D printing, from the source Plastic News, Michael Weinberg, vice president at Public Knowledge, a digital advocacy group in Washington, stated “We have rules for home gun manufacture, and no, 3-D printing doesn’t really change that,”. Laws governing “undetectable” plastic firearms — those that don’t trigger metal detectors — have been in place for decades. The Liberator complies by including a non-functional chunk of metal in the plans, preventing it from going unnoticed by metal detectors, though whether home gun fabricators include it is up to them.” Weinberg said. This could possible lead to the next mass killing.

 Finally, to combat these threats the current system needs to undergo change. Solutions to these types of issues must take into that strong regulation does not prevent people from doing what’s being regulated; in fact a solution must be innovative and encourage growth in the industry. Congress should not cripple 3-D printing’s potential with over-regulation; instead, private industry and the courts are well positioned to regulate this new, and ever changing, technology.


To defend a patentee’s patent, copyright, or trademark, I would highly encourage private industries, governments here locally and around the world, to set up a database of 3-D CAD models so that before a 3-D printer allows printing an object it must first be crossed reference for any infringements.  Perhaps an update of the Title 35 of the United States Code § 271 should would adequately address this issue. To fix the problems that arise as a result of product liability, the courts will be the most equipped to resolve these disputes on a case-by-case basis to accommodate this rapidly changing technology.

 Many issues involving 3-D printing will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, such as whether and when to impose strict liability on hobbyist manufacturers. This is the least intrusive way to handle the legal issues that come from 3-D printing. Finally, the solution to combat the printed gun. A Danish company that sells 3-D printer parts and related software recently announced that it has come up with a “firearm component detection algorithm.” This type of software would work like antivirus software to detect CAD files, and would not allow people to print a gun, unless the person purchased the file from a licensed source. Furthermore, an update of the ITAR would be essentially needed to include the problems of distributing 3-D CAD files internationally. Finally, the solution to fix the Undeletable Firearms Act, should be changed to include that metal must be a part of the gun’s main component.

 The solutions will benefit society, the 3-D printing hobbyist, and the 3-D printing industry by providing safe limited regulations that still encourage growth. For one, the solutions will encourage safe growth among the 3-D printing community, private companies will create online shops, to protect patents, copyrights, and trademarks for individuals, and halt the spread of dangerous CAD files. When 3-D printing begins to take off like the internet in the 2000’s, having regulations and innovative solutions to 3-D printing will stop the next “terrorists attack” from happening, yet still encourage use for the average person.

The three problems again with 3-D printing is that one, it is really easy to infringe on intellectual property, second it creates problems for consumer protection, and finally it makes it very easy for anyone to print their own gun.  The solution is to encourage private businesses and governments worldwide to make a CAD file database that must be accessed by 3-D printers. The courts will handle the most of the consumer protection problems as it gets complicated on a case-by case basis.

Today, 3-D printing is a reality not science fiction. Thanks to some groups like Cody Wilson and his team, we have seen 3-D printing in the mainstream news. We should encourage technology like this as it has many potential benefits for humans. Although 3-D printing has been mainly used by manufacturers or hobbyists who can afford the high initial cost, the price of 3-D printers has fell in recent years. Thus, it will not be long till everyone has a 3-D printer in their garage, therefore it is important that we as a society think about these issues now, before the next “attack” brings this technology to the spotlight.




Brean, Daniel Harris. "Asserting Patents To Combat Infringement Via 3D Printing: It's No Use [Article]." Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal 3 (2012): 771. HeinOnline. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.

BRYANS, DANTON. "Unlocked And Loaded: Government Censorship Of 3D-Printed Firearms And A Proposal For More Reasonable Regulation Of 3D-Printed Goods." Indiana Law Journal 90.2 (2015): 901-934. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.

DESAI, DEVEN R., and GERARD N. MAGLIOCCA. "Patents, Meet Napster: 3D Printing And The Digitization Of Things." Georgetown Law Journal 102.6 (2014): 1691-1720. Business Source Complete. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.

Lewis, Anne. "The Legality Of 3D Printing: How Technology Is Moving Faster Than The Law." Tulane Journal Of Technology & Intellectual Property 17.(2014): 303-318. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Oct. 2015.

Mead, Derek. "Congress's Plastic Gun Ban Left a 3D-Printed Loophole." Motherboard. Vice, 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 03 Oct. 2015. 

Nielson, Heidi. "Manufacturing Consumer Protection For 3-D Printed Products." Arizona Law Review 57.2 (2015): 609-622. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.

Rivera, Janessa. "Gartner Reveals Top Predictions for IT Organizations and Users for 2014 and Beyond." Gartner Reveals Top Predictions for IT Organizations and Users for 2014 and Beyond. N.p., 08 Oct. 2013. Web. 03 Oct. 2015. 

Hope

As a kid we are so curious to the world. We grow up believing in mythical creatures, myths, and legends. The power of belief is the most powerful force one can utilize. We hope for a better future, which is reinstated by the power of belief. Some have a strong intuition that boost belief in themselves. Sometimes scientists like to refer to this as the placebo effect, however, that is just a scientific term to explain something that is not fully understandable.

Belief is the type of force that dictates your emotions. People resonating in the negative frequencies, will have little belief in themselves and others. People that are not hopeful and don't belief in themselves are in a very dangerous situation of trapping themselves in misery. Having hope and time are the only two things that humans have. These two things you must familiarize yourself with. Hope gives you the power to do what you want, giving you freedom to relax and not always worrying about what could possible happen. We know that death is certain, yet you don't see everyone hiding in their house avoiding it. The only thing that makes you continue your day and lets you rest at night is hope. Hope for a prosperous future. Hope that things will turn out well for you. Hope that gives you freedom. Having belief in yourself, is being hopeful. 

You must be certain that you will achieve perfection. Perfection always takes practice, however, if you never have the belief and hope within yourself, you will always fall short of your endeavors. A word of advice, believe that you can do anything that you can put your mind to. It takes time, but that's the beauty. You will always have hope to follow you with time. Make good friends with them. 

Wholeness and Balance to all. 

Psychological Implications of the Internet

It has never been more easier to control individuals on the conscious level by stuffing their brain with mere information. The adaptation of the internet in society has made it very possible to perform large scale operations of direct attack on infrastructure and internal structure. Ever since the conception of the internet, it has been sought after to control the flow of information, the type of information, whether it be true or not, and the collection of information. As a whole, the physiological implications that the internet has on us is still in it's infancy, however, as time progress we should witness the major impacts on future generations. 

Society is constantly been pushed to adapt use of this technology. Sure it offers many benefits to mankind, but mankind has never been more vulnerable to psychological warfare. With disinformation campaigns, internet groups with specific agendas, and falsified images, the internet is one of the greatest tools ever invented to subvert the minds of people. 

We see disinformation happening all around internet chat rooms, social media, and the deep-web. Disinformation draws the attention of the reader, and leads them to them to believe something that is untrue. Disinformation is deliberately spread across the internet for certain psychological operations. For example, if I wanted to make a disinformation campaign about taking away gun rights, I would lead people to believe that staged shootings was real, while having artificial intelligence post on forums, social media, and irc, all about it, from the victim, to the shooter, everything intentionally made up for a purpose. The effective disinformation campaign will have everyone talking about it with regarding it as faithfully true.

Internet groups are recruited by various people to damage in a number of terrible ways. From releasing classified information to hurt certain entities or people, to creating certain scenarios that people get trapped in, internet groups work for other powerful entities controlling the hive network. The internet groups may have their own agenda, but as time progresses, it is highly crucial to control the internet groups, for they are the social engineers that can either produce a positive effect on the populus, or a very negative one. 

It should be apparent the damage falsified images have had on society. It is nothing new, however it just became easily accessible to many eyes. The impact this has on the individual is startling, for the fact that one's own image is not sufficient enough, therefore one must "photoshop" their image. This living a false reality. Filters are nothing more than just a distortion of the real world, but for other's viewing the image one cannot easily distinguish, unless one is trained to spot those sort of things. Falsified images also portray an individual a certain type of way. 

Sure, the internet is practical for many cases, however we are blind to the psychological impacts it has on us humans as whole. Just take notice on how much of your generation uses the cellphone, which in most cases is connected to the internet. As they are bombarded with information, false images, and being targeted by individuals, they lose touch with reality, beyond the technology. It just gets easier to control the internet and the information as time moves forward. Consequently, the damage will further deteriorate the natural human way of life along with the physiological makeup of the human being. 

 

MicroDrones - The Swarm

Throughout the years we could see technology becoming smaller and smaller, think back how big a computer used to be in the 1950's, just add 65 years and now we have technology so small the size of a fingernail.Commercialized drones have never been more popular by gaining media attention and new governmental regulations. However, there is a new threat on the horizon, the use of micro-drones.

Production of the micro-drone will be built by the utilization of mass 3D printing. The micro-drones resemble an insect, very small, but, useful for infiltration. The wings resemble a dragonfly for their impressive airily maneuvering skills. It should be equipped a camera lens that is very powerful being able to zoom in, have heat vision capabilities, and 360 vision. Only 1/2 inch size, it is equipped with a high powered quantum computer, being able to send information wirelessly encrypted, and have good A-I decision making. It is also equipped with high powered poison dart capabilities, being able to interchange from lethal poison to little needles, striking crucial pressure points on the human body. 

They shall be utilized in swarms. The swarm will communicate with each other, each one processing, the surrounding environment and there target's weaknesses. It is also meant so that if one of them gets destroyed, the other ones, continue to fight, until, one is left, and retreats from the area, just in time, with all the data. It shall be implemented in hostage situations, assassinations, security, search warrants, and spying. 

Of course, when this type of technology, it will be heavily regulated, and will be strictly forbidden to civilians, but used for highly classified operations. 

The Inner Circle

There is a certain elite of people that dominate in wealth, power, influence, and control. They control the very aspect of the economical system by war profiteering, control political office seats, drug smuggling, human trafficking and other disastrous epidemics on the human. They fund the next terrorist organization to manipulate both sides of the spectrum, for their advancement. They make a number of parties go to war with each other, hurting both sides and calling for stricter laws, or in other words more control. They give options of voting like it is real, when in reality it's basically controlled by this elite class of people funneling money into a campaign or political action committee. The people that are selected to run for high office positions are controlled by the strings, which is their own game called money. The monetary system of the world is set so there is always control of the population, the level of class a person is, and the hive mind of the human population.

They control the subconscious mind through various symbols and frequency of sounds. It is apparent that television is the obvious case for controlling the public's opinion, now in the internet age, people or artificial intelligence is selected to run various psychological programming operations on various social media sites. All a direct assault on the mind of the individual that has no idea these things are occurring under their noses. When their is an assault on the mind there is an assault on the soul. The elite use certain symbols and words to ignite inner feelings and thoughts that can be harnessed for their own rituals while destroying your soul. By obtaining this ritualistic dominance over society, they further themselves in their own spiritual journey, while those that don't know the truth are caught in the cycle of destruction. They are lost because there temple is being destroyed by the ruling class, through our water, food, and media. 

We are supposed to harness this great temple that the creator gave us, to perfect our mind so that there is better control of the thoughts and reactions you have, to encourage instead of corrupt, to progress us with our own spiritual journey now and in the afterlife, to make a better future for our generations, but how can we do it when we are constantly spending time focusing on other people like what (insert celebrity name here) did.We are controlled by corporations around the world that intend to harm  innocent people for power and dominance of their physical and spiritual make-up. 

Let people know what's going on. Be more involved in your local and federal government. Say your opinion to change people's life. Do it because you can! Don't be tempted by earthly matters!

Until next time, Wholeness and Balance to all. 

Future of the Computer

Computers that would be light based, meaning that they use light to carry out data to transform the silicon within the chip, by using specific algorithms and computation, would make data transfer making it far more efficient than the average electric based computers.  How this would be done though would depend on the type of materials you use for the quantum transfer between the input source(light) and the output material (atom that change on direct impact to quantum qubits). The structure is highly the most important thing for efficient processing as such because there is a lot of flexbility at the quantum level. Instead of just using the normal 1 and 0 in a quantum computer it is simultaneously 1 and 0, then there is detectors to analyze one and then immediately the other one changes, in laymen terms. However, I believe we should look more deeply into the phenomena  antiferromagnetism, on the quantum level. Antiferromagnetic materials occur commonly in transition metal compounds, especially oxides. Examples include hematite, metals such as chromium, alloys such as iron manganese (FeMn), and oxides such as nickel oxide (NiO). There are also numerous examples among high nuclearity metal clusters. Organic molecules can also exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling under rare circumstances, as seen in radicals such as 5-dehydro-m-xylylene. By focusing on the structure of antiferromagnetic,  antiferromagnetic interactions can lead to multiple optimal states (ground states—states of minimal energy). In one dimension, the anti-ferromagnetic ground state is an alternating series of spins: up, down, up, down, etc. Yet in two dimensions, multiple ground states can occur.Atoms in an optical lattice make an ideal quantum system in which all the parameters can be controlled. Thus they can be used to study effects that are difficult to analyze in organic crystals. They are currently being used for quantum information processing. Further research can lead to better control of the antiferromagnetic or even Synthetic antiferromagnets for better development in quantum computing. It would be better for processing on the manufacturing scale and probably cost efficient as well. Thus quantum computing can lead to a major distribution of cryptocurrency across the general consumer; a peer to peer money system that does proof-by-proof algorithms to confirm identity of a online money currency. With quantum computing it can speed up process and calculation ten-fold. It can harness the limitations we have today on normal computers. The thing is quantum computing already exists, there's not a fully functional long term one. If such efforts are done to control quantum computing we can have technology actually have enough power to produce 4-D like environments effortlessly. It can lead another breakthrough globally around the world, much like the.com bubble in the 2000's. 

Till next time, Wholeness and Balance to all.  

Future Data Mining

Perhaps if it is not happening now, I believe as time progresses man and machine are going to be united to make huge calculations on data gathered from around the globe. You see there are companies as we speak if, not governments that gather data on the general public already, although the hackers around the net already knew about government surveillance before the Snowden revelations. Still in its premature stage, this data being collected is giving companies big advertisement advantage, selling there products based on your location in accordance to their store is one example of this form of data collection.

 One day you are walking down the street, browsing on your smartphone, nearly dodging a pole(behold humans hurting themselves idolizing technology to the fact they hurt themselves, what a glorious time we live in.), and all of a sudden on your pandora station you get an advertisement for the nearest McDonalds. But it does not stop here, I have a hunch that the government can just enter your social on their data and have your whole internet history, your nearest family and communities internet history.

With algorithms AI and humans fashion the data to predict your every move, it's like they know you better than you. So, as time moves on we have artificial intelligence being built to organize this massive data, based on the specifications of the creators, to have a total control of society's desires, furthermore, managing the direction of the globe.  As science moves down to the nanoscale, I guarantee there is secret science funding experiments making a humanoid cybernetic robot that orchestrates the internet, kinda like that movie Eagle Eye, expect, more sophisticated, insightful, and organized.

With the internet of everything coming along, it is no wonder that this data will have a significant impact on our daily lives. Although, there is a different approach of looking at this. By utilizing this data we can design our lives to manage our time more efficiently and effectively. We can gather data on infected pollutions by monitoring the number of internet searches for a specific symptoms, or monitor a population's reaction to a certain event, thereby shaping news for better coverage of events, ideas, and growth.  Just like with every technological breakthrough there's always pitfalls and advantages. However, insight beforehand can save a lot of unnecessary damages. Feel free to contact me for future discussion of this if you are interested.